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Byun, Hyojeong. Sethes Paranoia of Self-punishment in Beloved Focusing on Phallus and Obsession. Studies in English Language & Literature 44.2 (2018): 43-62. This study aims to analyze Beloved focusing on the Sethe's paranoia of self-punishment caused by murdering her baby called Beloved. In this process, the study shows one of the Lacanean theories called phallus and her obsession. Phallus in the work means both absolute power from white people in a racist society and further symbolic, particular power which makes black women joined, tied, and cured with mutual recognition. A majority of black victims in the work have spiritual amputation and bloodstain from white people, so they need to clear the traumatic memories of slavery and share common agonies. As part of it, the quasi-human of the mysterious Beloved, who changes from a vengeful ghost to devil-child, and demonized Sethe try to overcome their own lack and fulfill desires each other through gaze, talk, and voice etc. While a set of being licked, tasted, and eaten by Beloveds eyes, Sethe in the magic space 124 first becomes physically drained and emotionally depleted, but by the help of her old fellow Paul D, mother-in-law Baby Suggs, and daughter Denver, as time goes by, once locked in her obsession with Beloved, Sethe shows vision with which she can live and moves forward into the new future by losing the identity of slave, of property, and of half-animal. And finally, Beloveds actual engorgement of Sethe encourages her to face the real world and lead her own life independently. (Daejin University)


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