Lee, IlJae. “Shelley’s View of Nature: Necessity in ‘Ode to the West Wind’.” Studies in English Language & Literature 47.4 (2021): 171-187. Nature was regarded as pure matter by the development of natural science in Shelley‘s age. Thus Romantic poets could no longer look for the nature spirits on the farther side of appearances. Instead, they tried to look for them within themselves. So did Shelley. Shelley’s view on nature is well put in his idea of Necessity. The doctrine of Necessity primarily rests on the assumption that there is an undeniable relationship between two entities or one entity and its modes. Shelley adhered to his belief in Necessity from his first major poem, Queen Mab, to his last poem, The Triumph of Life. The idea emphasizes the poet’s freewill and responsibility for the community. It is ‘Ode to the West Wind’ that proposes this kind of Necessity strongly. This paper aims to study nature through the idea of Necessity in ‘Ode to the West Wind. In this poem, Shelley recognizes a poet’s responsibility for his society by reading ‘Destroyer and Preserver,’ the double properties of Necessity with his imagination. (Jeonbuk National University)

# Shelley # Nature # Necessity # Ode to the West Wind # Poet’s Freewill

• Amjad, Fazel A. “Natural and Ethical Necessity in Shelley’s Epistemology.” Keats-Shelley Review 17.5(2003): 98-113. Print.
• Abrams, M. H.. The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979. Print.
• Arnold, Matthew. Essay in Criticism: Second Series. London: Macmillan, 1905. Print.
• Baker, Carlos, Shelley’s Major Poetry: The Fabric of a Vision. London: Oxford UP, 1948. Print.
• Barfield, Owen. “Symptoms of Iconoclasm”. Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism. Ed. Harlod Bloom. New York: Norton, 1970. 41-46. Print.
• Bloom, Harold. Shelley’s Mythmaking. New York : Cornell UP, 1969. Print.
• Cameron, Kenneth Neil. The Young Shelley: Genesis of a Radical. New York, Collier Books, 1950. Print.
• Gingerich, Solomen F., ‘Doctrine of Necessity versus Christianity’, PMLA, 33, 1918. 444-73. Print.
• Grabo, Carl Henry. The Magic Plant: The Growth of Shelley’s Thought. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1936. Print.
• Heyck, T, W., The Peoples of The British Isles, A New History from 1688 to 1870 vol.2. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing, 1992. Print.
• _____.The Transformation of Intellectual Life in Victorian England. London and Sydney: Croom Helm; New York: St. Martin’s P, 1982. Print.
• Ingpen, Roger and Peck, Walter Edwin. eds. The Complete Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, 10 vols. Julian Edition. London: Ernest Been, 1926-30. Print.
• Kim, Chul Soo. The Study of English Romantic Poetry. Gyeongbuk: Gyeongbuk UP, 2005. Print.[김철수. 『영국 낭만시 연구』. 경북: 경북대학교 출판부, 2005.]
• King-Hele, Desmond. Shelley: His Thought and Work. London: Macmillan P, 1984. Print.
• Welburn, Andrew J., Power and Self-Consciousness in the Poetry of Shelley. London: Macmillian P, 1986. Print.
• White, Newman Ivey. Shelley, 2 vols. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940. Print.
• Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth, ed. Stephen Gill, Oxford: Oxford UP, 1984. Print.